Validación de la escala de gravedad percibida de la violencia de pareja contra la mujer en población ecuatoriana

Introducción: La violencia de pareja contra la mujer (VPM) es un problema de salud pública a nivel global cuya prevalencia en Ecuador es de las más elevadas de Latinoamérica. La gravedad percibida de la VPM influye en las actitudes públicas hacia la VPM, como la aceptabilidad, el sentido de responsabilidad personal o la disposición a intervenir en casos de VPM. Método: En este estudio se presenta la adaptación de la escala española de gravedad percibida de la VPM (PS-IPVAW) al contexto cultural ecuatoriano, en una muestra de 652 participantes. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que la escala PS-IPVAW tiene una buena consistencia interna, que sus ítems tienen una baja carga de deseabilidad social, que es invariante entre géneros y que se relaciona con la culpabilidad a la víctima, la aceptabilidad de la VPM y el sexismo hostil. Discusión: La escala PS-IPVAW es un instrumento con suficientes evidencias de fiabilidad y validez para evaluar la gravedad percibida de la VPM en Ecuador y representa un importante aporte para mejorar las estrategias de prevención, intervención y erradicación de este tipo de violencia en el contexto ecuatoriano.

Introduction: Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is a global public health problem whose prevalence in Ecuador is among the highest in Latin America. The perceived severity of IPV influences public attitudes toward IPVAW, such as acceptability, sense of personal responsibility, or willingness to intervene in cases of IPV. Method: This study presents the adaptation of the Spanish scale of perceived severity of IPVAW (PS-IPVAW) to the Ecuadorian cultural context, in a sample of 652 participants. Results: Our results showed that the PS-IPVAW scale has good internal consistency, its items presented low loadings of social desirability, that it is invariant across genders and that it is related to victim blaming, acceptability of IPV and hostile sexism. Discussion: The PS-IPVAW scale showed adequate evidence.

The Gender Violence - Implicit Association Test to measure attitudes toward intimate partner violence against women

Attitudes play a central role in intimate partner violence against women and are related to its origin, to the responses of women who suffer violence, and to the settings where it occurs. In fact, these attitudes are recognized as one of the risk factors linked to violent perpetration and to public, professional, and victim responses to this type of violence. However, even though available research generally shows a broad rejection of this violence, it remains a serious social and health problem that has reached epidemic proportions. This suggests that the information available about these attitudes (obtained through explicit and direct measures, i.e., self-reports) may be distorted or influenced by factors such as social desirability. In this context, the overall objective of our research project is to provide multi-method measures (explicit and implicit) of attitudes toward intimate partner violence against women, and the main goal of this paper is to propose an instrument for the implicit measurement of these attitudes. In this regard, the Implicit Association Test (IAT) is the most common procedure used, providing a superior predictive validity compared to explicit measures for socially sensitive topics. We will present an exploratory study that describes its adaptation for our purposes, and the development of the Gender Violence - Implicit Association Test (GV-IAT) to use among Spanish-speaking populations, and discuss the strengths and limitations of this proposal.